Resources / R-03 — Software calculators
Tools for software decisions.
A growing library of focused calculators for firmware, embedded, and app developers. Every tool answers a concrete engineering question — from UART register values to BLE throughput, from CRC bytes to subnet hosts — in under a minute.
Firmware & MCU
UART baud rate
UBRR/divisor register from MCU clock, baud, oversampling. Catches the >2% error trap.
CRC calculator
CRC-8, CRC-16-CCITT, CRC-16-Modbus, CRC-32 for ASCII or hex input. Match your firmware byte-for-byte.
PWM timer registers
PSC, ARR, CCR for any target frequency and duty cycle. STM32, AVR, ESP32.
ADC resolution & SNR
LSB voltage, SNR, ENOB, and noise density from bits and Vref.
Base converter
Hex / binary / decimal / octal / ASCII conversion with bit-width awareness.
Endianness swap
Big-endian ↔ little-endian ↔ middle-endian for 16, 32, 64-bit values.
Register bit editor
Interactive bit grid for 8/16/32-bit MCU registers. Click to toggle, see hex live.
Flash & RAM budget
Plan firmware flash and RAM across app, libs, bootloader, OTA. Flags when you blow the MCU.
Stack size estimator
Task / ISR stack from call depth, frame size, ISR nesting, and OS overhead.
Two's complement
Signed ↔ unsigned for 8/16/24/32-bit integers with overflow detection.
Q-format fixed-point
Float ↔ Qm.n fixed-point. Resolution, range, encoding for DSP and FPU-less MCUs.
I²C / SPI speed budget
Effective throughput vs target sample rate including overhead, ACK bits, restarts.
BLE, WiFi & RF
BLE advertising interval
Advertising interval, discovery latency, current draw, and battery life for any mode.
BLE GATT MTU & throughput
Real GATT throughput from MTU, PHY, connection interval, and packets per event.
RF link budget
Receive power, fade margin, and estimated range from TX power, antenna gains, sensitivity.
Web & app development
JSON formatter & validator
Pretty-print, validate, and minify JSON. Locate syntax errors by line and column.
JWT decoder
Decode JWT header + payload, expiry, and standard claims — all client-side.
Base64 codec
Standard / URL-safe Base64 encode and decode. Text, hex, and binary input.
UUID generator
UUID v4 (random), v7 (time-ordered), or Nil. Bulk output in several formats.
Unix timestamp converter
Unix s/ms/µs ↔ ISO 8601 with time zones and Y2038 overflow detection.
URL encoder & parser
Percent-encode for query / form / URI, plus a parser that breaks down any URL.
Networking
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